翻译/刘远志

记者/汉娜•加德纳[美国]

本文为今日美国报社记者汉娜•加德纳的文章，采访了著名风水姓名学家陈益峰、翻译家李学军先生，关于美国总统Donald Trump的八字性格分析以及名字翻译的意见。

Hannah Gardner, Special for USA TODAY,Published 12:18 p.m. ET Jan. 25, 2017。

记者汉娜•加德纳，供稿今日美国，印刷于2017年1月25日下午12:18。

BEIJING —Donald Trump's name in Chinese? He won't like this particular translation.What’s in a name? If it's Donald Trump in Chinese, it could be as controversial as the president is back home.

【来自北京的消息】Donald Trump的中文名字是什么?他可能不喜欢特朗普这个特殊的翻译，他的名字叫什么?是叫特朗普还是川普呢?在中国它的名字翻译，可能是有争议的总统的名字翻译。

“Donald Trump was born on June 14, 1946, According to the lunar calendar is May 15 .In Chinese numerolog，the gan-zhis is bingxu, jia wu,jiwei. the fire is too popular，The soil is too dry，So his fate is too hard. This will mean his temper is particularly hot, Like to do strange things,and very strong to others，so bold and so aggressive”. said Chen Yifeng, who interprets the relationship of the feng shui and name to people's fortunes.

陈益峰先生，致力于研究风水、名字与人的吉凶关系，他说：特朗普出生于1946年6月14日，农历五月十五，在中国命理学说中，八字干支为为：丙戌、甲午、己未。八字中火干土燥，命太硬，为人性格火爆，喜欢特立独行，遇强则强，遇弱则弱，胆子特别大，尤其爱好与强力相斗，喜好与人一较高下。

Trump's official Chinese name is Te Lang Pu. That translates to "extraordinary, bright and popular" — the of kind of name he might choose for himself.

Trump的官方中文名字是特朗普。这意味着“非凡的、明亮的和流行的”-他可能会选择这个作为自己的名字。

But it also can mean "unusual, loud and common," surely the preference for his detractors in the United States.

但它也意味着“不寻常的、大声的和普遍的，“当然，这个说法适合他在美国的批评者的偏好。

The reason for such stark differences is that translations of foreign names are based on Chinese characters, which are words, not letters. As a result, when you write a foreign name in Chinese, you add meaning whether you intend to or not.

造成这种差异的原因是外国人名的翻译是基于汉字，而不是字母。因此，当你用中文写一个外国名字时，无论你是否愿意，你都加上了意义。

“Te is an extreme character. We almost never use it in a Chinese name,” said Chen Yifeng.

“特是一个极端的性格的用字，我们几乎从不使用它在一个中文名字,”陈益峰说。

Chen prefers Chuan Pu because "Chuan" means river — a water element to balance out Trump's fiery nature. Te belongs to fire. People with Te in their name are usually very blunt."

陈益峰先生认为川普更好，也更适合特朗普的八字，因为川在中国的意思是河流，五行水气特别旺盛，可以平衡火炎土燥的命局，缓解特朗普对中国强势的倾向。特的五行属于火。名字带特的人，通常都很直率、呆板、极端。

Chen said Chuan Pu also has drawbacks. It means Chinese spoken with a Sichuan accent. And it has already given rise to a nickname: Chuang Po, or "broken bed."

陈益峰先生也说川普中国翻译也有缺点。这也可能产生歧义，意思是一个说话带着四川口音的人。它已经产生了一个绰号——床铺，反过来也叫“破床”。

Because of the potential for offense, China has an official name translation department inside the state-run Xinhua News Agency. Those workers translate dozens of foreign names every day, and if they have a potentially sensitive one, they run it by the Foreign Ministry for approval.

因为名字有攻击人的可能，所以中国有一个官方的名字翻译部在国营的新华新闻社。这些工作人员每天都会翻译几十个外国名字，如果遇到潜在的敏感名字，他们会通过外交部批准。

Li Xuejun, the head of the department, said it has been busy in recent weeks with naming the new political leaders in Washington.

李学军,是这个部门的负责人，他表示近几周一直忙于关于这个新的华盛顿政治领导人的名字。

Secretary of State nominee Rex Tillerson becomes Di Le Sen, which translates to "stem, coerce, dark." President Trump adviser Kellyanne Conway is Kang Wei, meaning "healthy, leather hide." And Ryan Zinke, Trump's nominee for Interior secretary is Jin Ke, which means "ferry crossing, gram or saliva, digest."

国务卿提名人雷克斯-蒂勒森,这意味着茎、强迫、黑暗。凯莉安娜·康韦出任总统顾问，意思是健康、皮革和隐藏,特朗普的内政部长提名人瑞安·津凯翻译为中文像是是荆轲,意思是渡口、克损或者唾液消化。

Li said he tries to choose neutral names. To help his team do that, they have a “palette” of about 500 pre-selected Chinese characters to choose from — ones that are recognizable and inoffensive.

李说他试图选择中性的名字。为了帮助他的团队,他们有一个调色板，约500汉字预先选择可供选择，基本都是那些容易辨认和无害的。

Many are Chinese family or place names, such as the "Jin" in Zinke’s name, which is part of Tianjin, a city in northeastern China.

许多中国家庭或地名,如瑞安·津凯中的“津”的名字,这是天津的一部分,中国东北的一个城市。

Since Chinese characters have multiple meanings, it’s hard to avoid amusing coincidences.

因为汉字有多个含义,很难避免有趣的巧合。

Li said the translator's primary goal is to find a good phonetic match, which sometimes limits their choice of characters.

“It is quite different from Chinese parents giving their children names and is also different from foreigners taking Chinese names. ... It is serious academic work,” Li said.

Li and his department have at times come under pressure to change their translations.

李说翻译的主要目标是找到一个好的语音匹配,有时限制他们的选择的字符。李说：“这是完全不同于中国父母给他们的孩子的名字,也不同于外国人在中国名字，这是严肃的学术工作”。李和他的部门在上面的压力下，常常不得不改变他们的翻译。

Trump is a good example. The surname was first translated into Chinese in 1965 in Xinhua’s first dictionary of foreign names.

特朗普是一个很好的例子。Trump这个姓在1965年首次翻译成中文，是在新华社的第一个外国名字的字典。

But Hong Kong and Taiwan picked a different translation: Chuan Pu (pronounced Chwan-poo). Though it doesn’t begin with a T, it actually sounds closer to Trump because it is shorter and softer than Te Lang Pu.

Daoist monks have even chimed in, saying it would be better for China-U.S. relations if his name were changed.

但是香港和台湾不同的翻译:川普(发音chuan pu)。虽然不以特朗普,它听起来接近英文原意，因为它是剪短，并且更加柔和。道教僧侣甚至也在一边帮腔,说它对中美会更好。如果他的名字是改变的关系。